Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management

Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on Apical Shoot Growth of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.) Wonosobo Clone In Vitro

Anne Nuraini Esther Christy Natasya Hutajulu Asri Peni Wulandari Pauline Elisabeth Muhammadiyah Muhammadiyah

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.) is considered an important natural fiber crop, particularly due to its profitability. However, its propagation still faces some ultrapractical cases. When typical vegetative styles are used, the number of new shops created is relatively low, which makes large-scale production less effective. To address this conclusion, an in vitro study was conducted on the initial Wonosobo ramie clone. The aim was to determine how different concentrations of 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) affect apical shoot conformation. Six concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ppm) were examined in a completely randomized design with four replications. During the cultivation period, several responses were recorded. The study observed the time for shoot emergence, number of shoots formed, and leaf development across all treatments. The response varied across different concentrations, with certain treatments exhibiting slower shoot formation and lower quantities. The highest shoot accumulation was obtained at 1.5 ppm BAP. These results indicate that BAP is important for stimulating shoot extension, but its concentration must be carefully optimized, as both too low and too high levels are less effective. Based on these findings, BAP with 1.5 ppm is optimal for enhancing in vitro shoot production of ramie.

Value Chain and Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seeds in Banyuasin, Indonesia

Adela Damika Putri Muhamad Aldi Nurdiansyah Lili Melani Angga Dwiartama Muhammad Yusuf Abduh

Banyuasin Regency, located in the province of South Sumatra, has the largest area of rubber plantations in Indonesia, with huge potential as biodiesel feedstock, and generates income for rubber planters through the exploitation of the seeds. This study focuses on the value chain of the exploitation of seeds for biodiesel and its economic benefits to the planters using the Hayami method. The snowball and stratified random sampling methods were used to determine the pricing of the seeds. The value chain actors include the rubber planters, the crumb rubber processing and marketing unit, the biodiesel processing unit, and the consumers, which operate through the market governance structure. The findings indicate that rubber seed processing generates an added value of IDR 4,937/kg, with a value-added ratio of 64%, classifying it as a high-value commodity. Furthermore, integrating rubber seed value chain activities has the potential to increase farmers’ annual income by IDR 3,850,000, contributing to financial sustainability. A techno-economic analysis confirms the feasibility of intermediate-scale biodiesel production in Banyuasin Regency, with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.35, demonstrating its potential to create substantial economic value from rubber seeds. These findings highlight a strategic opportunity for the crumb rubber processing and marketing unit in the Banyuasin Regency to enhance its role within the supply chain while improving farmer profitability. By optimizing value chain efficiency and ensuring market stability, rubber seed-based biodiesel production can contribute to economic growth, rural development, and renewable energy advancement in Indonesia.

Performance of Floating Constructed Wetland in Reducing Phosphate and Nitrate Using Typha latifolia

Vina Namira Callysta Siregar Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah Bieby Voijant Tangahu Ipung Fitri Purwanti Mashudi Mashudi Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo Isra Abdulwahab Al-Baldawi

Pollution in rivers is caused by the direct discharge of untreated domestic waste, which is characterised by excessive foam on the water surface. This occurs due to relatively rapid population growth accompanied by limited waste management infrastructure, leading to river water pollution in Indonesia. Therefore, an effective, efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-cost solution is needed, such as a Floating Constructed Wetland (FCW) system using aquatic plants. In this study, the aquatic plant used was Typha latifolia, which was able to treat polluted water in the Kalidami River, Surabaya. The objective of this study was to determine the percentage reduction efficiency of each treatment for phosphate and nitrate in contaminated river water. This study evaluated the performance of a laboratory-scale floating constructed wetland planted with Typha latifolia for reducing phosphate, nitrate, and total suspended solids (TSS) in river water. The experiment was conducted using a batch system, and water quality parameters were monitored during the treatment period to assess pollutant removal efficiency. The results showed that the floating constructed wetlands system with single T. latifolia plants reduced phosphate by 40%, nitrate by 27%, and TSS 36.00%. FCWs technology with this plant is quite efficient in improving the quality of domestic wastewater before it is directly discharged into the river.