Vol. 57 No. 3 (2025)

The research examines the augmentation of biogas generation through the co-digestion of Indigofera tinctoria waste and cow manure, emphasising the optimization of parameters for enhanced efficiency. Anaerobic digestion presents potential for sustainable waste management and renewable energy generation. The initial discussion underscores the significance of Indigofera tinctoria, alongside challenges in managing agricultural and organic waste. The methodology encompasses substrate preparation, reactor design, and biogas utilization for electricity generation. Results indicate that substrate…

The Marshall stability and flow of asphalt mixes are key performance indicators of their durability and suitability for use in the pavement industry. Achieving the optimal bitumen content and volumetric properties through mix design is critical and depends on the characteristics of the materials used. Recycling waste materials in asphalt is also vital for promoting environmental sustainability. The development of machine learning models plays a crucial role in predicting the performance of such asphalt mixes. This study explores the use of a machine learning approach to predict the…

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was conducted on the simulation of the production process of decaffeinated coffee beans using ethyl acetate (EA) and dichloromethane (DCM) solvents. The methods employed include the cradle-to-gate system, the ReCiPe 2016 midpoint method, and a hierarchic perspective on OpenLCA. The analysis used 320 kg of Robusta coffee beans per batch with the scope of analysis consisting of planting, postharvest, transportation, and decaffeination. The overall results of the hotspot analysis were human carcinogenic toxicity, marine ecotoxicity, global warming, freshwater…

The Western Sunda Arc is an active tectonic zone formed by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. The tectonic zone hosted for 83 active volcanoes, including Mts. Sinabung, Krakatau, Tangkuban Parahu, Merapi, and Semeru. The dense volcano concentration and high volcanic activity cause complexity in monitoring and observation processes. Segmenting volcanoes by location and tectonic setting is necessary to simplify the disaster monitoring and enhance mitigation efforts through focused observation areas. This study focuses on the segmentation of the volcanoes…

Buildings throughout Indonesia are at risk of experiencing damaging earthquake events from multiple sources within shallow crustal and subduction zones. Seismic assessments per SNI 9273: 2024 require earthquake acceleration time series, but a public web-based platform that can facilitate this need was not yet available. Thereby, it became urgent to investigate the possibility of developing an automated engineering tool that can determine hazard-consistent ground motion set with good target-match accuracy for regions where multiple seismic source contribution is prevalent. The investigation…

This is a quantitative study approach that aims to assess the job satisfaction among civil engineers employed in the Transportation Sector of Bagmati Province, Nepal. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used for the survey, and different analytical methods were used to look at the data. These included Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), and the Maximum Degree of Membership (MDM) principle for data analysis. The study found significantly low job satisfaction levels among transportation sector civil engineers. Four critical factors were identified…

Gelatine-based smart active packaging has the potential to improve the quality of packaged meat and monitor its freshness without having to open it. This research aims to develop halochromic films by combining gelatine films with chitosan nanofibers (CHNF) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The addition of nanofillers such as CHNF and ZnONPs has been proven to improve mechanical properties (The humidity decreased by approximately 15.6%, while Young’s modulus increased tenfold) and provide active packaging properties, such as antioxidants (IC50 test decreased 13% from 33,12191 to 28,82021)…

To address the high labor intensity and low efficiency in the manual stem cutting of Lentinus edodes (shiitake mushrooms), A secondary shearing device was designed. This device automated the shearing and separation of mushroom roots and stems, significantly improving the efficiency of the stem-cutting process. Evaluated through indicators such as productivity, pass rate, and damage rate, a four-factor and three-level response surface test was conducted. The test factors included tool velocity, stem length, number of blades, and conveying velocity. Using Design-Expert 12.0 software to analyze…

In recent years, face detection has been widely applied in various intelligent monitoring systems. However, missed detections and low detection accuracy present challenges, such as small, blurred, and occluded faces in multi-face detection scenarios. To address these challenges, an adaptive multi-region fusion network is designed for dense face detection. First, in the shallow layers of the network, a multi-scale cross-stage fusion (MC4f) module is designed to replace the C3 module, which solves the issue of gradient explosion or disappearance in deep networks and promotes the effective…

The identification of human motion intention through electromyography (EMG) signals is an important area of development in human–robot interaction. This technology aids amputees in controlling their prosthetic limbs in a more intuitive manner, facilitating the execution of daily activities. However, hand amputees face challenges in using dexterous prostheses due to control difficulties and low robustness in real-life situations. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of EMG gesture recognition by extracting spatial characteristics via multiple high density (HD) maps. A total of five HD-maps…