Electrochemiluminescence sensor based on GDYO-QD@M-ZnO and its application in the detection of free radicals and antioxidants

Gang Tian; Cong Yang; Yihang Tian; Zihuan Wang; Yannan Dang

doi:10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2025.57.6.7

Electrochemiluminescence sensor based on GDYO-QD@M-ZnO and its application in the detection of free radicals and antioxidants

Published: 2025-01-01 | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2025.57.6.7 | Vol 57, Issue 6 (2025)

Authors

Gang Tian

School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, China

Cong Yang

School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, China

ORCID: 0009-0003-6652-0527 · OpenAlex: A5115592673

Yihang Tian

School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, China

ORCID: 0000-0001-6659-6108 · OpenAlex: A5101617780

Zihuan Wang

School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, China

ORCID: 0000-0003-3881-4571 · OpenAlex: A5101864341

Yannan Dang

School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, China

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Abstract

In view of the problems such as low luminous efficiency, poor stability and weak anti-interference ability of traditional electrochemiluminescence sensors, this study prepared graphdiyne oxide quantum dots by acid oxidation method and synthesized metal-organic skeleton derived zinc oxide by high-temperature calcination. The two were combined to construct a new ECL sensor. It is used for detecting free radicals and antioxidants such as vitamin C, trixerutin, and metformin hydrochloride. The results showed that GDYO-QD was successfully combined with M-ZnO. The constructed sensor has excellent electronic transmission ability, and the electrochemiluminescence signal is significantly enhanced compared with a single material, and has good detection performance for the target analyte. This study provides new ideas and practical tools for developing high-performance electrochemiluminescence sensors and effectively detecting free radicals and antioxidants.

Keywords

electrochemical performance; electrochemiluminescence sensor; graphdiyne oxide quantum dots; metal organic framework; zinc oxide

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Research Intelligence

Data from OpenAlex ↗

Metrics

0.00

FWCIfield-weighted

18th

Percentilevs same year + field

Article

Work type

GOLD

Open Access

Topics

Electrochemical sensors and biosensors Primary

0.53

Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Engineering › Physical Sciences

Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques

0.39

Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis

0.01

Semantic Profile AI-classified research signals

Core Domains

Radical 0.73

level 2

Chemistry 0.52

level 0

Ascorbic acid 0.46

level 2

Secondary Topics

Quantum dot 0.43 Antioxidant 0.38 Materials science 0.38 Photochemistry 0.37 Zinc 0.34 Transmission (telecommunications) 0.33 Optoelectronics 0.29 Acetonitrile 0.29 Detection limit 0.28 Computer science 0.28 Oxide 0.27

Institution Network

Pingdingshan University CN
Gang Tian · Cong Yang · Ye Tian · Zihuan Wang · Yannan Dang

References

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Bushira, F. A., Wang, P., & Jin, Y. (2022). High-entropy oxide for highly efficient luminol–dissolved oxygen electrochemiluminescence and biosensing applications. Analytical Chemistry, 94(6), 2958–2965.
Dong, M., Jiang, D., Cao, Q., Wang, W., Shiigi, H., & Chen, Z. (2023). A metal–organic framework regulated graphdiyne-based electrochemiluminescence sensor with a electrocatalytic self-acceleration effect for the detection of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Analyst, 148(18), 4470–4478.
Elmoghazy, Y., Abuelgasim, E. M. O., Osman, S. A., Afaneh, Y. R. H., Eissa, O. M. A., & Safaei, B. (2023). Effective mechanical properties evaluation of unidirectional and bidirectional composites using virtual domain approach at microscale. Archives of Advanced Engineering Science, 1(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAAES32021723 DOI: 10.47852/bonviewaaes32021723
Feng, D., Xiao, M., & Yang, P. (2022). A sensitive electrochemiluminescence urea sensor for dynamic monitoring of urea transport in living cells. Analytical Chemistry, 95(2), 766–773.
Firoozbakhtian, A., Hosseini, M., Guan, Y., & Xu, G. (2023). Boosting electrochemiluminescence immunoassay sensitivity via Co–Pt nanoparticles within a Ti₃C₂ MXene-modified single electrode electrochemical system on raspberry pi. Analytical Chemistry, 95(40), 15110–15117.
Hao, N., Zou, Y., Qiu, Y., Zhao, L., Wei, J., Qian, J., & Wang, K. (2023). Visual electrochemiluminescence biosensor chip based on distance readout for deoxynivalenol detection. Analytical Chemistry, 95(5), 2942–2948.
Li, H., Jin, C., Han, J., Tang, J., Han, X., & Song, Z. (2024). Near-infrared-II photothermal conversion and magnetic dynamic regulation in [Ln₃Rad₂] aggregation by rigidity modification of nitronyl nitroxide. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 11(23), 8421–8430.
Li, H., Jin, C., Han, J., Xi, L., & Song, Z. (2022). single-molecule magnet behavior and near-infrared luminescence. Crystal Growth & Design, 23(1), 612–619.
Li, N. N., Wei, T. T., Jin, Z. B., Gu, J. X., Saeed, W. S., Srivastava, D., & Liu, J. Q. (2025). Hydrogen-bond induced ratiometric fluorescent probe with AIE effect for visualization assay of erythromycin using smartphone sensing platform. Dyes and Pigments, 238, 112717.
Li, P., Luo, L., Cheng, D., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, M., & Yao, S. (2022). Regulation of the structure of zirconium-based porphyrinic metal–organic framework as highly electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for thrombin. Analytical Chemistry, 94(14), 5707–5714.
Li, Y., Xu, J., Cheng, R., Yang, J., Li, C., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022). A robust molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a Ni–Co nanoarray for the sensitive detection of spiramycin. Analyst, 147(22), 5178–5186.
Li, Z., Wang, P., Liang, Z., Wang, D., Nie, Y., & Ma, Q. (2023). Bismuth nano-nest/Ti3CN quantum dot-based surface plasmon coupling electrochemiluminescence sensor for ascites miRNA-421 detection. Analytical Chemistry, 95(25), 9706–9713.
Lu, M. L., Huang, W., Gao, S., Zhang, J. L., Liang, W. B., Li, Y., & Xiao, D. R. (2022). Pyrene-based hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks as new emitters with porosity-and aggregation-induced enhanced electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive microRNA assay. Analytical Chemistry, 94(45), 15832–15838.
Luo, W., Ye, Z., Ma, P., Wu, Q., & Song, D. (2022). Preparation of a disposable electrochemiluminescence sensor chip based on an MXene-loaded ruthenium luminescent agent and its application in the detection of carcinoembryonic antigens. Analyst, 147(9), 1986–1994.
Qi, H., Wang, Z., Li, H., & Li, F. (2023). Directionally in situ self-assembled iridium (III)-polyimine complex-encapsulated metal–organic framework two-dimensional nanosheet electrode to boost electrochemiluminescence sensing. Analytical Chemistry, 95(32), 12024–12031.
Shang, L., Shi, B. J., Zhang, W., Jia, L. P., Ma, R. N., Xue, Q. W., & Wang, H. S. (2022). Ratiometric electrochemiluminescence sensing of carcinoembryonic antigen based on luminol. Analytical Chemistry, 94(37), 12845–12851.
Shelash Al-Hawary, S. I., Malviya, J., Althomali, R. H., Almalki, S. G., Kim, K., Romero-Parra, R. M., & Hussien Radie, A. (2024). Emerging insights into the use of advanced nanomaterials for the electrochemiluminescence biosensor of pesticide residues in plant-derived foodstuff. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 54(8), 3614–3631.
Sun, R., Xiong, S., Zhang, W., Huang, Y., Zheng, J., Shao, J., & Chi, Y. (2024). Highly active coreactant-capped and water-stable 3D@2D core–shell perovskite quantum dots as a novel and strong self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence probe. Analytical Chemistry, 96(14), 5711–5718.
Tang, F., Hua, Q., Wang, X., Luan, F., Wang, L., Li, Y., & Tian, C. (2022). A novel electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a molecular imprinting technique and UCNPs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites for sensitive determination of imidacloprid. Analyst, 147(17), 3917–3923.
Xing, H., Tian, S., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., & Li, J. (2024). Rapid preparation of a self-luminous Cd-based metal–organic framework using AIEgen ligands for high-performance electrochemiluminescence. Analytical Chemistry, 96(47), 18781–18789.
Zhang, X., Jia, Y., Feng, R., Wu, T., Zhang, N., Du, Y., & Ju, H. (2022). Cucurbituril enhanced electrochemiluminescence of gold nanoclusters via host–guest recognition for sensitive D-Dimer sensing. Analytical Chemistry, 95(2), 1461–1469.
Zhu, W. K., Cai, W. R., Yin, Z. Z., Cheng, M. J., & Kong, Y. (2022). Self-assembly of covalent porphyrin compound and its enhanced electrochemiluminescence performance. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 43(12), 1373–1382

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[ref-1] Bushira, F. A., Wang, P., Hussain, A., Li, H., & Jin, Y. (2023). Integration of high-entropy oxide with nitrogen-doped graphene for the ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of trolox and dopamine. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 6(6), 4747–4753.

[ref-2] Bushira, F. A., Wang, P., & Jin, Y. (2022). High-entropy oxide for highly efficient luminol–dissolved oxygen electrochemiluminescence and biosensing applications. Analytical Chemistry, 94(6), 2958–2965.

[ref-3] Dong, M., Jiang, D., Cao, Q., Wang, W., Shiigi, H., & Chen, Z. (2023). A metal–organic framework regulated graphdiyne-based electrochemiluminescence sensor with a electrocatalytic self-acceleration effect for the detection of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Analyst, 148(18), 4470–4478.

[ref-4] Elmoghazy, Y., Abuelgasim, E. M. O., Osman, S. A., Afaneh, Y. R. H., Eissa, O. M. A., & Safaei, B. (2023). Effective mechanical properties evaluation of unidirectional and bidirectional composites using virtual domain approach at microscale. Archives of Advanced Engineering Science, 1(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAAES32021723 DOI: 10.47852/bonviewaaes32021723

[ref-5] Feng, D., Xiao, M., & Yang, P. (2022). A sensitive electrochemiluminescence urea sensor for dynamic monitoring of urea transport in living cells. Analytical Chemistry, 95(2), 766–773.

[ref-6] Firoozbakhtian, A., Hosseini, M., Guan, Y., & Xu, G. (2023). Boosting electrochemiluminescence immunoassay sensitivity via Co–Pt nanoparticles within a Ti₃C₂ MXene-modified single electrode electrochemical system on raspberry pi. Analytical Chemistry, 95(40), 15110–15117.

[ref-7] Hao, N., Zou, Y., Qiu, Y., Zhao, L., Wei, J., Qian, J., & Wang, K. (2023). Visual electrochemiluminescence biosensor chip based on distance readout for deoxynivalenol detection. Analytical Chemistry, 95(5), 2942–2948.

[ref-8] Li, H., Jin, C., Han, J., Tang, J., Han, X., & Song, Z. (2024). Near-infrared-II photothermal conversion and magnetic dynamic regulation in [Ln₃Rad₂] aggregation by rigidity modification of nitronyl nitroxide. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 11(23), 8421–8430.

[ref-9] Li, H., Jin, C., Han, J., Xi, L., & Song, Z. (2022). single-molecule magnet behavior and near-infrared luminescence. Crystal Growth & Design, 23(1), 612–619.

[ref-10] Li, N. N., Wei, T. T., Jin, Z. B., Gu, J. X., Saeed, W. S., Srivastava, D., & Liu, J. Q. (2025). Hydrogen-bond induced ratiometric fluorescent probe with AIE effect for visualization assay of erythromycin using smartphone sensing platform. Dyes and Pigments, 238, 112717.

[ref-11] Li, P., Luo, L., Cheng, D., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, M., & Yao, S. (2022). Regulation of the structure of zirconium-based porphyrinic metal–organic framework as highly electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for thrombin. Analytical Chemistry, 94(14), 5707–5714.

[ref-12] Li, Y., Xu, J., Cheng, R., Yang, J., Li, C., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022). A robust molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a Ni–Co nanoarray for the sensitive detection of spiramycin. Analyst, 147(22), 5178–5186.

[ref-13] Li, Z., Wang, P., Liang, Z., Wang, D., Nie, Y., & Ma, Q. (2023). Bismuth nano-nest/Ti3CN quantum dot-based surface plasmon coupling electrochemiluminescence sensor for ascites miRNA-421 detection. Analytical Chemistry, 95(25), 9706–9713.

[ref-14] Lu, M. L., Huang, W., Gao, S., Zhang, J. L., Liang, W. B., Li, Y., & Xiao, D. R. (2022). Pyrene-based hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks as new emitters with porosity-and aggregation-induced enhanced electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive microRNA assay. Analytical Chemistry, 94(45), 15832–15838.

[ref-15] Luo, W., Ye, Z., Ma, P., Wu, Q., & Song, D. (2022). Preparation of a disposable electrochemiluminescence sensor chip based on an MXene-loaded ruthenium luminescent agent and its application in the detection of carcinoembryonic antigens. Analyst, 147(9), 1986–1994.

[ref-16] Qi, H., Wang, Z., Li, H., & Li, F. (2023). Directionally in situ self-assembled iridium (III)-polyimine complex-encapsulated metal–organic framework two-dimensional nanosheet electrode to boost electrochemiluminescence sensing. Analytical Chemistry, 95(32), 12024–12031.

[ref-17] Shang, L., Shi, B. J., Zhang, W., Jia, L. P., Ma, R. N., Xue, Q. W., & Wang, H. S. (2022). Ratiometric electrochemiluminescence sensing of carcinoembryonic antigen based on luminol. Analytical Chemistry, 94(37), 12845–12851.

[ref-18] Shelash Al-Hawary, S. I., Malviya, J., Althomali, R. H., Almalki, S. G., Kim, K., Romero-Parra, R. M., & Hussien Radie, A. (2024). Emerging insights into the use of advanced nanomaterials for the electrochemiluminescence biosensor of pesticide residues in plant-derived foodstuff. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 54(8), 3614–3631.

[ref-19] Sun, R., Xiong, S., Zhang, W., Huang, Y., Zheng, J., Shao, J., & Chi, Y. (2024). Highly active coreactant-capped and water-stable 3D@2D core–shell perovskite quantum dots as a novel and strong self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence probe. Analytical Chemistry, 96(14), 5711–5718.

[ref-20] Tang, F., Hua, Q., Wang, X., Luan, F., Wang, L., Li, Y., & Tian, C. (2022). A novel electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a molecular imprinting technique and UCNPs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites for sensitive determination of imidacloprid. Analyst, 147(17), 3917–3923.

[ref-21] Xing, H., Tian, S., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., & Li, J. (2024). Rapid preparation of a self-luminous Cd-based metal–organic framework using AIEgen ligands for high-performance electrochemiluminescence. Analytical Chemistry, 96(47), 18781–18789.

[ref-22] Zhang, X., Jia, Y., Feng, R., Wu, T., Zhang, N., Du, Y., & Ju, H. (2022). Cucurbituril enhanced electrochemiluminescence of gold nanoclusters via host–guest recognition for sensitive D-Dimer sensing. Analytical Chemistry, 95(2), 1461–1469.

[ref-23] Zhu, W. K., Cai, W. R., Yin, Z. Z., Cheng, M. J., & Kong, Y. (2022). Self-assembly of covalent porphyrin compound and its enhanced electrochemiluminescence performance. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 43(12), 1373–1382