Self-Organization, Urban Transformation, and Spatial Planning in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia

Unknown; Yovi Rahmawati

doi:10.5614/jpwk.2015.26.3.1

Self-Organization, Urban Transformation, and Spatial Planning in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia

Published: 2015-01-01 | DOI: 10.5614/jpwk.2015.26.3.1 | Vol 26, Issue 3 (2015) | Cited by: 10

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Unknown

Yovi Rahmawati

OpenAlex: A5080232218

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran sistem perencanaan tata ruang dalam menghadapi proses perorganisasian diri, sebagaimana dibuktikan oleh transformasi perkotaan yang kompleks di wilayah Jakarta. Wilayah Jakarta adalah salah satu wilayah megapolitan di Asia Tenggara yang mengalami proses transformasi yang cepat. Sangat disayangkan bahwa sistem perencanaan tata ruang yang ada sekarang di wilayah Jakarta belum mampu merespon transformasi kota secara non-linier. Kekurangan ini terbukti dari ketidaksinkronan antara dokumen-dokumen perencanaan tata ruang dan perubahan tata guna lahan perkotaan yang diperkuat dengan proses pengorganisasian diri. Perbedaan antara situasi empiris dan dokumen-dokumen perencanaan tata ruang yang ada telah menghasilkan ketidakcocokan antara sistem perencanaan tata ruang dengan sistem tata ruang di wilayah Jakarta. Ketidakcocokan ini terjadi karena sistem perencanaan tata ruang saat ini tidak mempertimbangkan ketidakpastian di masa depan. Situasi ini mengindikasikan adanya

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References

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Alfasi, N.and J. Portugali (2007) Planning rules for a Self Planned City. Planning Theory 6(164), 164-182. DOI: 10.1177/1473095207077587
Allmendinger, P (2002) Planning Theory. New York: Palgrave.
Angelis, D. D., W. Post, and C. Travis (1981) Self-organizing Characteristics of Ecological Communities. In: Roth, G. and H. Schwegler (ed.) (1981) Self-organizing Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approachy. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.
Balducci, A., V. Fedeli, and G. Pasqui (2011) Strategic Planning for Contemporary Urban Region. A City of Cities: A Project for Milan, Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Barros, J.and F. Sobreira (2002) City of Slums: Self-Organisation Across Scales. CASA 55, 1-10.
Baum, H. S (1977) Toward a Post-Industrial Planning Theory. Policy Sciences 8, 401-421.
Bonabeau, E (1997) Self-organization in Social Insects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12(5), 188-193.
Boonstra, B. and L. Boelens (2011) Self-organization in Urban Development: Towards A New Perspective on Spatial Planning. Urban Research and Practice 4(2), 99-122. DOI: 10.1080/17535069.2011.579767
Camazine, S. et al (2003) Self-organization in Biological System, 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Chiti, M. P (2003) Il Ruolo Della Comunit Europea Nel Governo Del Territorio, The Role of European Community In Territorial Governance. Rivista Giuridica dell
Cleveland, J (1994) Complexity Theory: Basic Concepts and Application to System Thinking. Boston: Innovation Network for Communities.
De Roo, G (2003) Environmental Planning in the Netherlands: Too Good to be True. Surrey, UK: Ashgate.
De Roo, G. and G. Porter (2007) Introducing Actor-Consulting as a Means to Address Fuzziness in Planning and Decision-Making. In: De Roo, G. and G. Porter (eds.) (2007). Fuzzy Planning:The Role of Actors in a Fuzzy Governance Environment. Surrey, UK: Ashgate.
De Roo, G (2008) A Theory of Transition and its Relevance to Planning Theory and Practice: A non-linear Understanding of Spatial Developments, in the 7th meeting of Aesop for Thematic Group on Complexity and Planning, Milano.
De Roo, G (2010) Being or Becoming? That is the Question! Confronting Complexity with Contemporary Planning Theory. In: De Roo, G. and E.A. Silva (eds.) (2010). A Planner
De Roo, G (2013) Planning Theory: Planning, Decision Making, and Non-Linearity. Presented in a class lecture. Groningen: University of Groningen.
De Roo, G. (2014). Self-Organization and Spatial Planning, in possession of Gert de Roo, Groningen.
European Comission (1997) The EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies. Luxembourg: Regional Development Studies.
Firman, T(2008) In Search of a Governance Institution Model for Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) Under Indonesia
Firman, T (2009) The Continuity and Change in Mega-Urbanization in Indonesia: A Survey of Jakarta-Bandung Region (JBR) Development. Habitat International 33, 327-39.
Firman, T (2013) The Dynamics of Jabodetabek Development: The Challenge of Urban Governance. In: Hill, H. (ed) Regional Dynamics in a Decentralized Indonesia, 368-385. Singapore: ISEAS.
Fuchs, C (2006) The Self-organization of Social Movement. Systemic Practice and Action Research 19(1), 101-137.
Garnsey, E. and J. McGlade (2006) Complexity and Co-Evolution: Continuity and Changing in Socio-Economic Systems. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
George, V. and P. Wilding (2002) Globalization and Human Welfare. New York: Palgrave.
Government of Indonesia (2004) Local Government Act No. 32 of 2004.
Government of Indonesia (2007) Spatial Planning Act No. 26 of 2007.
Gunder, M. and J. Hillier (2009) Planning in Ten Words or Less. Surrey, UK: Ashgate.
Haken, H (1978) Synergetics - An Introduction: Non Equilibrium Phase Transition and Self-organization in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Haken, H (1981) Synergetics and The Problem of Self-Organization. In: Roth, G. and H. Schwegler (eds.) (1981). Self-organizing Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.
Head of sub-directorate Spatial Plan, Directorate Spatial Plan and Land Affairs-Bappenas, interview on April 2014.
Head of Physic, Facilities, and Infrastructure-Bappeda Tangerang Municipality, interview on April 2014.
Head of Physic, Facilities, and Infrastructure-Bappeda Tangerang Regency, interview on April 2014.
Healey, P (1997) Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies. London: MacMillan.
Heylighen, F (2008) Complexity and Self-organization. In: Bates, M.J. and M.N. Maack (eds.) (2008) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 3rd edition. Abingdon, UK: Taylor&Francis
Hidayanti (2013) Self-organization at the Neighborhood Level. Master thesis, University of Groningen.
Hidding, M (2006) Planning voor stad en land (Planning for city and countryside), 3rd revised edition. Bussum: Uitgeverij Coutinho.
Innes, J.E (1996) Planning Through Consensus Building: A New View of the Comprehensive Planning Ideal. Journal of the American Planning Association 62(4), 460-472.
Kaiser, E.J., D.R. Godschalk, and F.S. Chapin. (1995) Urban Land Use Planning, 4th edition, Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Krugman, P (1996) What Economists Can Learn from Evolutionary Theorists. Presented at European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, Rome, November 1996.
Leisch, H (2002) Structures and Functions of Private New Towns in Jabotabek. In: Nas, P.J.M.(ed.) (2002). The Indonesian Town Revisited. Munster: LIT Verlag.
Loorbach, D. A (2007) Transition Management: New Mode of Governance for Sustainable Development. PhD thesis, Erasmus University,the Netherlands.
Martin, G. et al (2008) The Global Frontier: Urbanization, Poverty, and Environment in the 21st Century. London: Earth Scan.
Miller, A. M. (2013) Decentralizing Indonesian City Spaces as New Centers. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37(3), 34-48.
Ministry of Public Works (2013) Strategic of Spatial Planning to Overcome Spatial Problems in Jabodetabekpunjur. Jakarta: Ministry of Public Works.
Ministry of Public Works (2014) Space Utilization Audit in Jabodetabekpunjur. Jakarta: Ministry of Public Works.
Mitchell, B (2002) Resource and Environmental Management, 2nd edition. Essex: Pearson Educational Limited.
Monkkonen, P (2013) Urban Land-use Regulations and Housing Markets in Developing Countries: Evidence from Indonesia on the Importance of Enforcement. Land Use Policy 34, 255-264.
Nadin, V. and D. Stead (2008) European Spatial Planning Systems, Social Models and Learning. The Planning Review 44(172), 35-47.
National Spatial Planning Coordination Committee (BKPRN) (2014) Substance Approval for General Spatial Plan (RTRW). Jakarta: BKPRN.
Nye, J.S. and J.D. Donahue (2000) Governance in a Globalizing World. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Portugali, J (2000) Self-organization and The City. Berlin: Springer.
Portugali, J (2012) Complexity Theories of Cities: Implications to Urban Planning.In: Portugali, J. et al. (eds.) (2012) Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age, 221-244. Berlin: Springer.
Prigogine, I.and I. Stengers (1984) Order Out of Chaos: Man
Rauws, W (2009) Peri-Urban Dynamics: The Exciting Phenomenon of Transition. Master thesis, University of Groningen.
Representative of Bappeda DKI Jakarta, interview on April 2014.
Representative of BKSP, interview on April 2014.
Rotmans, J., R. Kemp and M. van Asselt (2001) More Evolution than Revolution: Transition Management in Public Policy. Foresight 3(1), 15-32.
Spatial Planning Expert on Metropolitan Area, interview on April 2014.
Sydow, J., G. Schreygg, and J. Koch (2005) Organisational Paths: Path Dependency and Beyon. Presented at 21st EGOS Colloquium, Berlin, June 30 - July 2.
Varela, F., H.R. Maturana, and R. Uribe (1974) Autopoiesis: The Organization of Living Systems, Its Characterization and a Model. Biosystems 5(4), 187-196.
Varela, F (1981) Autonomy and Autopoiesis. In: Roth, G. and H. Schwegler (eds.) (1981). Self-organizing Systems: an Interdisciplinary Approach. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.
Woltjer, J (2014) A Global Review on Peri-Urban Development and Planning, Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota 25(1), 1-16.
Zuidema, C. and G.d. Roo (2004) Integrating Complexity Theory Into Planning: Truth or Dare. Urban and Regional Studies Institute (URSI). In AESOP Conference, Grenoble.

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[ref-1] Alfasi, N.and J. Portugali (2004) Planning just-in-time versus Planning just-in-case, Cities 21(1), 29-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2003.10.007

[ref-2] Alfasi, N.and J. Portugali (2007) Planning rules for a Self Planned City. Planning Theory 6(164), 164-182. DOI: 10.1177/1473095207077587

[ref-3] Allmendinger, P (2002) Planning Theory. New York: Palgrave.

[ref-4] Angelis, D. D., W. Post, and C. Travis (1981) Self-organizing Characteristics of Ecological Communities. In: Roth, G. and H. Schwegler (ed.) (1981) Self-organizing Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approachy. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.

[ref-5] Balducci, A., V. Fedeli, and G. Pasqui (2011) Strategic Planning for Contemporary Urban Region. A City of Cities: A Project for Milan, Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

[ref-6] Barros, J.and F. Sobreira (2002) City of Slums: Self-Organisation Across Scales. CASA 55, 1-10.

[ref-7] Baum, H. S (1977) Toward a Post-Industrial Planning Theory. Policy Sciences 8, 401-421.

[ref-8] Bonabeau, E (1997) Self-organization in Social Insects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12(5), 188-193.

[ref-9] Boonstra, B. and L. Boelens (2011) Self-organization in Urban Development: Towards A New Perspective on Spatial Planning. Urban Research and Practice 4(2), 99-122. DOI: 10.1080/17535069.2011.579767

[ref-10] Camazine, S. et al (2003) Self-organization in Biological System, 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

[ref-11] Chiti, M. P (2003) Il Ruolo Della Comunit Europea Nel Governo Del Territorio, The Role of European Community In Territorial Governance. Rivista Giuridica dell

[ref-12] Cleveland, J (1994) Complexity Theory: Basic Concepts and Application to System Thinking. Boston: Innovation Network for Communities.

[ref-13] De Roo, G (2003) Environmental Planning in the Netherlands: Too Good to be True. Surrey, UK: Ashgate.

[ref-14] De Roo, G. and G. Porter (2007) Introducing Actor-Consulting as a Means to Address Fuzziness in Planning and Decision-Making. In: De Roo, G. and G. Porter (eds.) (2007). Fuzzy Planning:The Role of Actors in a Fuzzy Governance Environment. Surrey, UK: Ashgate.

[ref-15] De Roo, G (2008) A Theory of Transition and its Relevance to Planning Theory and Practice: A non-linear Understanding of Spatial Developments, in the 7th meeting of Aesop for Thematic Group on Complexity and Planning, Milano.

[ref-16] De Roo, G (2010) Being or Becoming? That is the Question! Confronting Complexity with Contemporary Planning Theory. In: De Roo, G. and E.A. Silva (eds.) (2010). A Planner

[ref-17] De Roo, G (2013) Planning Theory: Planning, Decision Making, and Non-Linearity. Presented in a class lecture. Groningen: University of Groningen.

[ref-18] De Roo, G. (2014). Self-Organization and Spatial Planning, in possession of Gert de Roo, Groningen.

[ref-19] European Comission (1997) The EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies. Luxembourg: Regional Development Studies.

[ref-20] Firman, T(2008) In Search of a Governance Institution Model for Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) Under Indonesia

[ref-21] Firman, T (2009) The Continuity and Change in Mega-Urbanization in Indonesia: A Survey of Jakarta-Bandung Region (JBR) Development. Habitat International 33, 327-39.

[ref-22] Firman, T (2013) The Dynamics of Jabodetabek Development: The Challenge of Urban Governance. In: Hill, H. (ed) Regional Dynamics in a Decentralized Indonesia, 368-385. Singapore: ISEAS.

[ref-23] Fuchs, C (2006) The Self-organization of Social Movement. Systemic Practice and Action Research 19(1), 101-137.

[ref-24] Garnsey, E. and J. McGlade (2006) Complexity and Co-Evolution: Continuity and Changing in Socio-Economic Systems. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.

[ref-25] George, V. and P. Wilding (2002) Globalization and Human Welfare. New York: Palgrave.

[ref-26] Government of Indonesia (2004) Local Government Act No. 32 of 2004.

[ref-27] Government of Indonesia (2007) Spatial Planning Act No. 26 of 2007.

[ref-28] Gunder, M. and J. Hillier (2009) Planning in Ten Words or Less. Surrey, UK: Ashgate.

[ref-29] Haken, H (1978) Synergetics - An Introduction: Non Equilibrium Phase Transition and Self-organization in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

[ref-30] Haken, H (1981) Synergetics and The Problem of Self-Organization. In: Roth, G. and H. Schwegler (eds.) (1981). Self-organizing Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.

[ref-31] Head of sub-directorate Spatial Plan, Directorate Spatial Plan and Land Affairs-Bappenas, interview on April 2014.

[ref-32] Head of Physic, Facilities, and Infrastructure-Bappeda Tangerang Municipality, interview on April 2014.

[ref-33] Head of Physic, Facilities, and Infrastructure-Bappeda Tangerang Regency, interview on April 2014.

[ref-34] Healey, P (1997) Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies. London: MacMillan.

[ref-35] Heylighen, F (2008) Complexity and Self-organization. In: Bates, M.J. and M.N. Maack (eds.) (2008) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 3rd edition. Abingdon, UK: Taylor&Francis

[ref-36] Hidayanti (2013) Self-organization at the Neighborhood Level. Master thesis, University of Groningen.

[ref-37] Hidding, M (2006) Planning voor stad en land (Planning for city and countryside), 3rd revised edition. Bussum: Uitgeverij Coutinho.

[ref-38] Innes, J.E (1996) Planning Through Consensus Building: A New View of the Comprehensive Planning Ideal. Journal of the American Planning Association 62(4), 460-472.

[ref-39] Kaiser, E.J., D.R. Godschalk, and F.S. Chapin. (1995) Urban Land Use Planning, 4th edition, Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

[ref-40] Krugman, P (1996) What Economists Can Learn from Evolutionary Theorists. Presented at European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, Rome, November 1996.

[ref-41] Leisch, H (2002) Structures and Functions of Private New Towns in Jabotabek. In: Nas, P.J.M.(ed.) (2002). The Indonesian Town Revisited. Munster: LIT Verlag.

[ref-42] Loorbach, D. A (2007) Transition Management: New Mode of Governance for Sustainable Development. PhD thesis, Erasmus University,the Netherlands.

[ref-43] Martin, G. et al (2008) The Global Frontier: Urbanization, Poverty, and Environment in the 21st Century. London: Earth Scan.

[ref-44] Miller, A. M. (2013) Decentralizing Indonesian City Spaces as New Centers. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37(3), 34-48.

[ref-45] Ministry of Public Works (2013) Strategic of Spatial Planning to Overcome Spatial Problems in Jabodetabekpunjur. Jakarta: Ministry of Public Works.

[ref-46] Ministry of Public Works (2014) Space Utilization Audit in Jabodetabekpunjur. Jakarta: Ministry of Public Works.

[ref-47] Mitchell, B (2002) Resource and Environmental Management, 2nd edition. Essex: Pearson Educational Limited.

[ref-48] Monkkonen, P (2013) Urban Land-use Regulations and Housing Markets in Developing Countries: Evidence from Indonesia on the Importance of Enforcement. Land Use Policy 34, 255-264.

[ref-49] Nadin, V. and D. Stead (2008) European Spatial Planning Systems, Social Models and Learning. The Planning Review 44(172), 35-47.

[ref-50] National Spatial Planning Coordination Committee (BKPRN) (2014) Substance Approval for General Spatial Plan (RTRW). Jakarta: BKPRN.

[ref-51] Nye, J.S. and J.D. Donahue (2000) Governance in a Globalizing World. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

[ref-52] Portugali, J (2000) Self-organization and The City. Berlin: Springer.

[ref-53] Portugali, J (2012) Complexity Theories of Cities: Implications to Urban Planning.In: Portugali, J. et al. (eds.) (2012) Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age, 221-244. Berlin: Springer.

[ref-54] Prigogine, I.and I. Stengers (1984) Order Out of Chaos: Man

[ref-55] Rauws, W (2009) Peri-Urban Dynamics: The Exciting Phenomenon of Transition. Master thesis, University of Groningen.

[ref-56] Representative of Bappeda DKI Jakarta, interview on April 2014.

[ref-57] Representative of BKSP, interview on April 2014.

[ref-58] Rotmans, J., R. Kemp and M. van Asselt (2001) More Evolution than Revolution: Transition Management in Public Policy. Foresight 3(1), 15-32.

[ref-59] Spatial Planning Expert on Metropolitan Area, interview on April 2014.

[ref-60] Sydow, J., G. Schreygg, and J. Koch (2005) Organisational Paths: Path Dependency and Beyon. Presented at 21st EGOS Colloquium, Berlin, June 30 - July 2.

[ref-61] Varela, F., H.R. Maturana, and R. Uribe (1974) Autopoiesis: The Organization of Living Systems, Its Characterization and a Model. Biosystems 5(4), 187-196.

[ref-62] Varela, F (1981) Autonomy and Autopoiesis. In: Roth, G. and H. Schwegler (eds.) (1981). Self-organizing Systems: an Interdisciplinary Approach. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.

[ref-63] Woltjer, J (2014) A Global Review on Peri-Urban Development and Planning, Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota 25(1), 1-16.

[ref-64] Zuidema, C. and G.d. Roo (2004) Integrating Complexity Theory Into Planning: Truth or Dare. Urban and Regional Studies Institute (URSI). In AESOP Conference, Grenoble.