Revitalization of the Sanur Special Economic Zone (SEZ): Integrating Regional Planning, Sustainable Architecture, and Adaptive Interior Design for a Culturally-based Health Tourism Destination

Pranajaya I Kadek; Ni Made Emmi Nutrisia Dewi; I Nyoman Artayasa

doi:10.5614/jpwk.2025.36.2.5

Revitalization of the Sanur Special Economic Zone (SEZ): Integrating Regional Planning, Sustainable Architecture, and Adaptive Interior Design for a Culturally-based Health Tourism Destination

Published: 2025-01-01 | DOI: 10.5614/jpwk.2025.36.2.5 | Vol 36, Issue 2 (2025)

Authors

Pranajaya I Kadek

OpenAlex: A5120510510

Ni Made Emmi Nutrisia Dewi

ORCID: 0000-0001-6561-4183 · OpenAlex: A5043142691

I Nyoman Artayasa

ORCID: 0000-0002-6879-0454 · OpenAlex: A5069002732

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Abstract

The revitalization of the Sanur Special Economic Zone (SEZ) marks a strategic shift in Indonesia’s approach to sustainable tourism development. This study examined how an integrated planning framework encompassing regional planning, green architecture, and adaptive interior design was employed to reposition Sanur as a competitive hub for health and wellness tourism. Using a case study approach, this research combined field observations, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, and analysis of policy and spatial planning documents. Key innovations highlighted in this study were: ecological zoning, adaptive reuse of heritage structures, engagement with local artisans, and the implementation of renewable energy systems. The findings reveal that these interventions not only enhance environmental performance and spatial quality but also strengthen cultural identity and foster community participation. This study contributes a replicable model for heritage-based tourism revitalization in developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, by integrating global sustainability principles with the Balinese local philosophy of Tri Hita Karana. The proposed model offers both a theoretical contribution to the literature on urban regeneration and a practical reference for planners, architects, and policymakers

Keywords

sustainable tourism; health tourism; green architecture; adaptive reuse; community participation; Balinese culture

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Research Intelligence

Data from OpenAlex ↗

Metrics

0.00

FWCIfield-weighted

39th

Percentilevs same year + field

Article

Work type

DIAMOND

Open Access

Topics

Architectural and Urban Studies Primary

0.28

Conservation › Arts and Humanities › Social Sciences

Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation

0.21

Architecture and Cultural Influences

0.05

Semantic Profile AI-classified research signals

Core Domains

Sustainability 0.66

level 2

Tourism 0.58

level 2

Business 0.51

level 0

Secondary Topics

Environmental planning 0.44 Adaptive reuse 0.42 Renewable energy 0.40 Environmental resource management 0.39 Quality (philosophy) 0.38 Key (lock) 0.37 Regional science 0.36 Environmental economics 0.35 Reuse 0.35 Psychological intervention 0.34 Field (mathematics) 0.32 Cultural heritage 0.32 Environmental quality 0.30 Geography 0.30 Sustainable development 0.29 Field research 0.26

Institution Network

Balakovo Engineering and Technology Institute RU
Pranajaya I Kadek · Ni Made Emmi Nutrisia Dewi
Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar ID
I Nyoman Artayasa

References

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Pranajaya, I. K. (2023). Pendampingan Pembuatan Masterplan dan Revitalisasi Pura Kahyangan Jagat Luhur Batu Lumbung, Desa Pakraman Soka , Kecamatan Penebel Kabupaten Tabanan. Jurnal Lentera Widya, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35886/lenterawidya.v5i1 DOI: 10.35886/lenterawidya.v5i1
Pranajaya, I. K., & Artayasa, I. N. (2023). Exploring the Philosophy and Forms of Traditional Balinese Architecture at Badung Market. Journal of Urban Society’s Arts, 9(2), 98–108. https://doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v9i2.6118 DOI: 10.24821/jousa.v9i2.6118
Pranajaya, I. K., Dwijendra, N. K. A., Swiranatha, I. P. O., & Dewi, N. M. E. N. (2025). The Significance of Cultural, Religious, and Sustainability Symbols in the Revitalization of Architects and Temple Interiors at Luhur Batukau Temple in Bali. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(3A), 2601–2619. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2025.131330 DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.131330
Scheyvens, R., & Hughes, E. (2019). Can tourism help to “end poverty in all its forms everywhere”? The challenge of tourism addressing SDG1. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1551404 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1551404
Soh, E. Y. X., & Yuen, B. (2011). Singapore’s changing spaces. Cities, 28(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2010.06.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2010.06.002
Stephen R. Kellert, J. H. M. M. (2011). Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life. John Wiley & Sons.
Stone, S. (2005). Re-readings: The design principles of remodelling existing buildings. 20, 125–134.
Sugiyono. (2009). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Alpa beta.
Till, J., & Schneider, T. (2005). Flexible housing: The means to the end. Architectural Research Quarterly, 9, 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135505000345 DOI: 10.1017/s1359135505000345
UNWTO. (2024). International Tourism to Reach Pre-Pandemic Levels in 2024. INFO@UNWTO.ORG / UNWTO.ORG
Wahyu Nurmala, C., Asrofi, M. H., Maqsuna, A. R., Madikha, A., Paramitha, S. A., Fatoni, F., & Virgiawan, D. B. (2025). Implementation of Zoning Theory Based on the Concept of Tri Hita Karana, Tri Mandala and Sanga Mandala of Mas Village, Ubud, Bali in Maintaining Cultural Values. Sustainability (STPP) Theory, Practice and Policy, 5(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.30631/sdgs.v5i1.3176 DOI: 10.30631/sdgs.v5i1.3176
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[ref-1] Abidin Kusno. (2012). Housing the Margin: Perumahan Rakyat and the Future Urban Form of Jakarta. Indonesia, 94, 23. https://doi.org/10.5728/indonesia.94.0023 DOI: 10.5728/indonesia.94.0023

[ref-2] Aecom. (2023). Masterplan Kawasan ekonomi Khusus Sanur. Aecom.

[ref-3] Antariksa, Santosa, H., Ernawati, J., & Yasmin, A. P. (2024). The Impact of Community Activity Enlivening in Shaping Historical Areas Case Study: Kayutangan Heritage, Malang, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1324(1), 012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1324/1/012057 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1324/1/012057

[ref-4] Ashley, C., & Haysom, G. (2006). From philanthropy to a different way of doing business: strategies and challenges in integrating pro-poor approaches into tourism business. Development Southern Africa, 23(2), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/03768350600707553 DOI: 10.1080/03768350600707553

[ref-5] Bennetts, H., Radford, A., & Williamson, T. (2003). Understanding Sustainable Architecture. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203217290 DOI: 10.4324/9780203217290

[ref-6] Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability Introduction. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19, 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2011.580586

[ref-7] Bricker, K., & Schultz, J. (2015). Sustainable Tourism in the USA: A Comparative Look at the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria. Tourism Recreation Research, 36, 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2011.11081668 DOI: 10.1080/02508281.2011.11081668

[ref-8] Butler, R. (2008). The Concept of A Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources. The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe Canadien, 24, 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.x DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.x

[ref-9] Carmona, M. (2021). Public Places Urban Spaces. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158457 DOI: 10.4324/9781315158457

[ref-10] Dovey, K. (2010). Becoming Places: Urbanism/Architecture/Identity/ Power. Routledge.

[ref-11] Friedmann, J. (2020). Planning in the Public Domain. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10crf8d DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv10crf8d

[ref-12] Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M. P., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy – A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048

[ref-13] Gill Cullinan. (2015). Urban patterns for a green economy: Leveraging density (Victoria Quinlan, Ed.). United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat).

[ref-14] Lansing, J. S., Thurner, S., Chung, N. N., Coudurier-Curveur, A., Karakaş, Ç., Fesenmyer, K. A., & Chew, L. Y. (2017). Adaptive self-organization of Bali’s ancient rice terraces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(25), 6504–6509. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605369114 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605369114

[ref-15] Lee, K.-W. (2018). Planning as State-Effect: Calculation, Historicity and Imagination at Marina Bay, Singapore. Planning Theory & Practice, 19(4), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2018.1501510 DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2018.1501510

[ref-16] Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 3(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418 DOI: 10.1080/13574809808724418

[ref-17] Nanu, L., Ali, F., Berezina, K., & Cobanoglu, C. (2020a). International Journal of Hospitality Management The effect of hotel lobby design on booking intentions: An intergenerational examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102530

[ref-18] Nanu, L., Ali, F., Berezina, K., & Cobanoglu, C. (2020b). International Journal of Hospitality Management The effect of hotel lobby design on booking intentions: An intergenerational examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102530

[ref-19] Perroux, F. (1950). Economic Space: Theory and Applications. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.2307/1881960 DOI: 10.2307/1881960

[ref-20] Pomponi, F., & Moncaster, A. (2017). Circular economy for the built environment: A research framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 710–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.055

[ref-21] Pranajaya, I. K. (2021). The Domination of Cultural and Symbolic Capital in the Preservation of Temple Heritage Architecture through a Restoration Approach in Bali, Indonesia. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2021.090608 DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090608

[ref-22] Pranajaya, I. K. (2023). Pendampingan Pembuatan Masterplan dan Revitalisasi Pura Kahyangan Jagat Luhur Batu Lumbung, Desa Pakraman Soka , Kecamatan Penebel Kabupaten Tabanan. Jurnal Lentera Widya, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35886/lenterawidya.v5i1 DOI: 10.35886/lenterawidya.v5i1

[ref-23] Pranajaya, I. K., & Artayasa, I. N. (2023). Exploring the Philosophy and Forms of Traditional Balinese Architecture at Badung Market. Journal of Urban Society’s Arts, 9(2), 98–108. https://doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v9i2.6118 DOI: 10.24821/jousa.v9i2.6118

[ref-24] Pranajaya, I. K., Dwijendra, N. K. A., Swiranatha, I. P. O., & Dewi, N. M. E. N. (2025). The Significance of Cultural, Religious, and Sustainability Symbols in the Revitalization of Architects and Temple Interiors at Luhur Batukau Temple in Bali. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(3A), 2601–2619. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2025.131330 DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.131330

[ref-25] Scheyvens, R., & Hughes, E. (2019). Can tourism help to “end poverty in all its forms everywhere”? The challenge of tourism addressing SDG1. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1551404 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1551404

[ref-26] Soh, E. Y. X., & Yuen, B. (2011). Singapore’s changing spaces. Cities, 28(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2010.06.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2010.06.002

[ref-27] Stephen R. Kellert, J. H. M. M. (2011). Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life. John Wiley & Sons.

[ref-28] Stone, S. (2005). Re-readings: The design principles of remodelling existing buildings. 20, 125–134.

[ref-29] Sugiyono. (2009). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Alpa beta.

[ref-30] Till, J., & Schneider, T. (2005). Flexible housing: The means to the end. Architectural Research Quarterly, 9, 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135505000345 DOI: 10.1017/s1359135505000345

[ref-31] UNWTO. (2024). International Tourism to Reach Pre-Pandemic Levels in 2024. INFO@UNWTO.ORG / UNWTO.ORG

[ref-32] Wahyu Nurmala, C., Asrofi, M. H., Maqsuna, A. R., Madikha, A., Paramitha, S. A., Fatoni, F., & Virgiawan, D. B. (2025). Implementation of Zoning Theory Based on the Concept of Tri Hita Karana, Tri Mandala and Sanga Mandala of Mas Village, Ubud, Bali in Maintaining Cultural Values. Sustainability (STPP) Theory, Practice and Policy, 5(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.30631/sdgs.v5i1.3176 DOI: 10.30631/sdgs.v5i1.3176

[ref-33] Yap, E. X. Y. (2013). The Transnational Assembling of Marina Bay, Singapore. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 34(3), 390–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12032 DOI: 10.1111/sjtg.12032

[ref-34] Yung, E. H. K., & Chan, E. H. W. (2012). Implementation challenges to the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings: Towards the goals of sustainable, low carbon cities. Habitat International, 36(3), 352–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.11.001 DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.11.001

[ref-35] Government of Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 Tahun 2021 tentang Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus [Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 of 2021 concerning Special Economic Zones]. Jakarta: Government of Indonesia.

[ref-36] Government of Indonesia. (2022). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 77 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 41 Tahun 2021 tentang Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus [Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 77 of 2022 on Amendments to Government Regulation Number 41 of 2021 concerning Special Economic Zones]. Jakarta: Government of Indonesia.

[ref-37] Government of Bali Province. (2005). Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 5 Tahun 2005 tentang Arsitektur Bangunan Gedung Berarsitektur Tradisional Bali [Regional Regulation of Bali Province Number 5 of 2005 concerning Traditional Balinese Architectural Design for Buildings]. Denpasar: Provincial Government of Bali.

[ref-38] Government of Bali Province. (2020). Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 16 Tahun 2009 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Provinsi Bali Tahun 2009–2029 [Regional Regulation of Bali Province Number 3 of 2020 on Amendments to the Bali Provincial Spatial Plan 2009–2029]. Denpasar: Provincial Government of Bali.

[ref-39] Government of Denpasar City. (2021). Peraturan Daerah Kota Denpasar Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Denpasar Tahun 2021–2041 [Regional Regulation of Denpasar City Number 27 of 2011 concerning the Denpasar City Spatial Plan 2021–2041]. Denpasar: Denpasar City Government.

[ref-40] Government of Denpasar City. (2023). Peraturan Walikota Denpasar Nomor 8 Tahun 2023 tentang Rencana Detail Tata Ruang Wilayah Perencanaan Selatan [Mayor Regulation of Denpasar City Number 8 of 2023 Concerning the Detailed Spatial Plan for the Southern Planning Area]. Denpasar: Office of the Mayor of Denpasar.