Penerapan Studi Green Marketing pada Pengukuran Niat Memilah Sampah Berdasarkan Perbedaan Generasi dalam Mengatasi Permasalahan Sampah di Bandung Raya

Teddy Rahardian Yusuf; Hasrini Sari

doi:10.61221/jriem.v3i1.43

Penerapan Studi Green Marketing pada Pengukuran Niat Memilah Sampah Berdasarkan Perbedaan Generasi dalam Mengatasi Permasalahan Sampah di Bandung Raya

Published: 2025-01-01 | DOI: 10.61221/jriem.v3i1.43 | Vol 3, Issue 1 (2025)

Authors

Teddy Rahardian Yusuf

OpenAlex: A5119660446

Hasrini Sari

ORCID: 0000-0001-7767-604X · OpenAlex: A5026405418

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Abstract

The waste problem in Bandung City, including the ineffective waste segregation process, especially at the household level, is a significant problem. There needs to be public awareness, especially in sorting waste into organic, inorganic, and residual waste. Public awareness in managing waste requires beliefs, principles, and ethical considerations towards the environment based on the values of each individual. Nostalgia can be a medium or stimulus to foster the intention to engage in waste segregation activities or environmentally friendly practices. This research examines the influence of generational differences. Nostalgia has a different influence for each generation and becomes stronger with age. Each generation also has an influence on the values, place attachment, and attitude held by each individual. This study involved 236 respondents from the Greater Bandung area who were divided into three generational groups, namely Generation X-Baby Boomers, Generation Y, and Generation Z. The results showed that there were differences in nostalgia between generations. The results showed that there are differences in nostalgia, epistemic value, emotional value, place attachment, and attitude towards waste sorting behavior based on generation groups. This result is different for the intention to sort waste which has no difference for each generation. The government, especially the Bandung City Environmental Agency (DLHK), and profit and non-profit organizations can develop campaigns and programs that utilize nostalgia according to generation.

Keywords

pemilahan sampah; nostalgia; nilai epistemik; nilai emosional; keterikatan tempat; sikap

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Topics

Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies Primary

0.95

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Life Sciences

SMEs Development and Digital Marketing

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Semantic Profile AI-classified research signals

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Humanities 0.47

level 1

Political science 0.24

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Psychology 0.23

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Bandung Institute of Technology ID
Teddy Rahardian Yusuf · Hasrini Sari

References

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2. Awuni, J. A., & Du, J. (2016). Sustainable consumption in Chinese cities: green purchasing intentions of young adults based on the theory of consumption values. Sustainable Development, 24(2), 124-135.
3. Bei, L. T., & Simpson, E. M. (1995). The Determinants of Consumers' Purchase Decisions for Recycled Products: An Application of Acquisition-Transaction Utility Theory. Advances in consumer research, 22(1).
4. Benito-Ostolaza, J. M., Echavarri, R., Garcia-Prado, A., & Oses-Eraso, N. (2021). Using visual stimuli to promote healthy snack choices among children. Social Science and Medicine, 270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113587 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113587
5. Chen, Z., Ryan, C., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Cross-generational analysis of residential place attachment to a Chinese rural destination. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(4), 787–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1890095 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2021.1890095
6. Cheung, W. Y., Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2017). Nostalgia proneness and reduced prejudice. Personality and Individual Differences, 109, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.045 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.045
7. Cho, H. (2021). How nostalgia forges place attachment and revisit intention: a moderated mediation model. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 39(6), 856–870. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-01-2021-0012 DOI: 10.1108/mip-01-2021-0012
8. D’Amato, A., & Herzfeldt, R. (2008). Learning orientation, organizational commitment, and talent retention across generations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 929–953.
9. De Feo, G., Ferrara, C., Iannone, V., & Parente, P. (2019). Improving the efficacy of municipal solid waste collection with a communicative approach based on easily understandable indicators. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 2380–2390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.161
10. Domegan, C. T. (2008). Social marketing: Implications for contemporary marketing practices classification scheme. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 23(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620810850254 DOI: 10.1108/08858620810850254
11. Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. Dalam International Journal of Psychology (Vol. 49, Nomor 3, hlm. 141–157). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12034
12. Gu, Q., Li, M., & Kim, S. (Sam). (2021). The role of nostalgia-evoking stimuli at nostalgia-themed restaurants in explaining benefits, consumption value and post-purchase behavioral intention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102955
13. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis Eighth Edition. www.cengage.com/highered
14. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) 3rd ed. Sage Publications, California.
15. Jagau, H. L., & Vyrastekova, J. (2017). Behavioral approach to food waste: an experiment. British Food Journal, 119(4), 882–894. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-05-2016-0213 DOI: 10.1108/bfj-05-2016-0213
16. Jiang, Y., & Hong, F. (2023). Examining the relationship between customer-perceived value of night-time tourism and destination attachment among Generation Z tourists in China. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(2), 220-233.
17. Joglekar, J., & Tan, C. S. L. (2022). The impact of LinkedIn posts on employer brand perception and the mediating effects of employer attractiveness and corporate reputation. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 19(4), 624–650. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-10-2021-0343 DOI: 10.1108/jamr-10-2021-0343
18. Juhl, J., & Biskas, M. (2023). Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion. Dalam Current Opinion in Psychology (Vol. 49). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101545 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101545
19. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (2023). KLHK Sosialisasikan Pengelolaan Sampah Mulai Dari Sumbernya, diperoleh Juni 2023, melalui situs internet: https://ppid.menlhk.go.id/siaran_pers/browse/1150
20. Lacoste-Badie, S., Gagnan, A. B., & Droulers, O. (2020). Front of pack symmetry influences visual attention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102000
21. Levinson, D. J. (1980). Toward a conception of the adult life course. In N. J. Smelser & E. H. Erikson (Eds.), Themes of work and love in adulthood (pp. 265–289). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
22. Liu, Q., Xu, Q., Shen, X., Chen, B., & Esfahani, S. S. (2022). The Mechanism of Household Waste Sorting Behaviour—A Study of Jiaxing, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042447
23. Madoglou, A., Gkinopoulos, T., Xanthopoulos, P., & Kalamaras, D. (2017). Representations of autobiographical nostalgic memories: Generational effect, gender, nostalgia proneness and communication of nostalgic experiences. Journal of Integrated Social Sciences, 7(1), 60-88.
24. Maffei, S. T., Simacek, P. E. D. R. O., Menezes, M. D. S., & Durão, M. J. (2014). Emotional design of fashion: development and application of new tool for non-interfering research. Second.
25. Marni, S., Aliman, M., Suyono, S., Roekhan, R., dan Harsiati, T. (2020). Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Based on Gender And Knowledge Group, Journal of Turkish Science Education, 17(4), 544–560. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2020.44 DOI: 10.36681/tused.2020.44
26. McKenzie-Mohr, S., Coates, J., & McLeod, H. (2012). Responding to the needs of youth who are homeless: Calling for politicized trauma-informed intervention. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.09.008 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.09.008
27. Munirah Maharum, S., Md Isa, N., Salahuddin, N., & Saad, S. (2017). The Relationship between Dimension of Consumption Value and Intention to Purchase of Green Products. The International Journal of Business & Management, (Vol. 5).
28. Prokopenko dan Ossik (2015): Green Marketing, Karaganda: KSU Publishing House, Karaganda.
29. Rakhmawati, T., Damayanti, S., Jati, R. K., & Astrini, N. J. (2023). An extended TPB model of waste-sorting intention: a case study of Indonesia. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(5), 1248–1268. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-11-2022-0309 DOI: 10.1108/meq-11-2022-0309
30. Raymond, C. M., Brown, G., & Weber, D. (2010). The measurement of place attachment: Personal, community, and environmental connections. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 422–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.08.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.08.002
31. Rotem, O. S., Weinstock, M., & Greenfield, P. M. (2024). Changes in values and ways of knowing among three generations of Israeli women of Ethiopian origin. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2024.100186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2024.100186
32. Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2016). Past Forward: Nostalgia as a Motivational Force. Dalam Trends in Cognitive Sciences (Vol. 20, Nomor 5, hlm. 319–321). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.01.008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.01.008
33. Şener, T., Bişkin, F., & Dündar, N. (2023). The effects of perceived value, environmental concern and attitude on recycled fashion consumption. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 27(4), 595–611. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-01-2021-0003 DOI: 10.1108/jfmm-01-2021-0003
34. Sindonews (2023), Pemkot Bandung Klaim Sampah yang Dibuang ke TPA Sarimukti Turun Jadi 900 Ton. Data diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1274661/701/pemkot-bandung-klaim-sampah-yang-dibuang-ke-tpa-sarimukti-turun-jadi-900-ton-1702357938
35. Truong, V. D., Dong, X. D., Saunders, S. G., Pham, Q., Nguyen, H., & Tran, N. A. (2021). Measuring, evaluating, and documenting social marketing impact. Dalam Journal of Social Marketing (Vol. 11, Nomor 3, hlm. 259–277). Emerald Group Holdings Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-11-2020-0224 DOI: 10.1108/jsocm-11-2020-0224
36. Trzesniewski, K. H., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). Rethinking “Generation Me” a study of cohort effects from 1976–2006. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 58–75.
37. Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2010). Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students 1982–2009. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 99–106.
38. van Tilburg, W. A. P., Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2018). Adverse Weather Evokes Nostalgia. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(7), 984–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218756030 DOI: 10.1177/0146167218756030
39. Wan, C., Shen, G. Q., & Choi, S. (2021). The place-based approach to recycling intention: Integrating place attachment into the extended theory of planned behavior. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105549 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105549
40. Wang, J., & Hsu, Y. (2020). The relationship of symmetry, complexity, and shape in mobile interface aesthetics, from an emotional perspective-A case study of the smartwatch. Symmetry, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/SYM12091403 DOI: 10.3390/sym12091403
41. Williams, D. R., Patterson, M. E., Roggenbuck, J. W., & Watson, A. E. (1992). Beyond the commodity metaphor: Examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place. Leisure Sciences, 14(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409209513155 DOI: 10.1080/01490409209513155
42. Wu, S.-I., & Chang, H.-L. (2016b). The Model of Relationship between the Perceived Values and the Purchase Behaviors toward Innovative Products. Journal of Management and Strategy, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v7n2p31 DOI: 10.5430/jms.v7n2p31
43. Zhang, X., Gong, X., & Jiang, J. (2021). Dump or recycle? Nostalgia and consumer recycling behavior. Journal of Business Research, 132, 594–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.033

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[ref-1] 1. Ajzen, I. (1991), “The theory of planned behavior”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 179-211.

[ref-2] 2. Awuni, J. A., & Du, J. (2016). Sustainable consumption in Chinese cities: green purchasing intentions of young adults based on the theory of consumption values. Sustainable Development, 24(2), 124-135.

[ref-3] 3. Bei, L. T., & Simpson, E. M. (1995). The Determinants of Consumers' Purchase Decisions for Recycled Products: An Application of Acquisition-Transaction Utility Theory. Advances in consumer research, 22(1).

[ref-4] 4. Benito-Ostolaza, J. M., Echavarri, R., Garcia-Prado, A., & Oses-Eraso, N. (2021). Using visual stimuli to promote healthy snack choices among children. Social Science and Medicine, 270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113587 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113587

[ref-5] 5. Chen, Z., Ryan, C., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Cross-generational analysis of residential place attachment to a Chinese rural destination. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(4), 787–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1890095 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2021.1890095

[ref-6] 6. Cheung, W. Y., Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2017). Nostalgia proneness and reduced prejudice. Personality and Individual Differences, 109, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.045 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.045

[ref-7] 7. Cho, H. (2021). How nostalgia forges place attachment and revisit intention: a moderated mediation model. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 39(6), 856–870. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-01-2021-0012 DOI: 10.1108/mip-01-2021-0012

[ref-8] 8. D’Amato, A., & Herzfeldt, R. (2008). Learning orientation, organizational commitment, and talent retention across generations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 929–953.

[ref-9] 9. De Feo, G., Ferrara, C., Iannone, V., & Parente, P. (2019). Improving the efficacy of municipal solid waste collection with a communicative approach based on easily understandable indicators. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 2380–2390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.161

[ref-10] 10. Domegan, C. T. (2008). Social marketing: Implications for contemporary marketing practices classification scheme. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 23(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620810850254 DOI: 10.1108/08858620810850254

[ref-11] 11. Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. Dalam International Journal of Psychology (Vol. 49, Nomor 3, hlm. 141–157). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12034

[ref-12] 12. Gu, Q., Li, M., & Kim, S. (Sam). (2021). The role of nostalgia-evoking stimuli at nostalgia-themed restaurants in explaining benefits, consumption value and post-purchase behavioral intention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102955

[ref-13] 13. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis Eighth Edition. www.cengage.com/highered

[ref-14] 14. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) 3rd ed. Sage Publications, California.

[ref-15] 15. Jagau, H. L., & Vyrastekova, J. (2017). Behavioral approach to food waste: an experiment. British Food Journal, 119(4), 882–894. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-05-2016-0213 DOI: 10.1108/bfj-05-2016-0213

[ref-16] 16. Jiang, Y., & Hong, F. (2023). Examining the relationship between customer-perceived value of night-time tourism and destination attachment among Generation Z tourists in China. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(2), 220-233.

[ref-17] 17. Joglekar, J., & Tan, C. S. L. (2022). The impact of LinkedIn posts on employer brand perception and the mediating effects of employer attractiveness and corporate reputation. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 19(4), 624–650. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-10-2021-0343 DOI: 10.1108/jamr-10-2021-0343

[ref-18] 18. Juhl, J., & Biskas, M. (2023). Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion. Dalam Current Opinion in Psychology (Vol. 49). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101545 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101545

[ref-19] 19. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (2023). KLHK Sosialisasikan Pengelolaan Sampah Mulai Dari Sumbernya, diperoleh Juni 2023, melalui situs internet: https://ppid.menlhk.go.id/siaran_pers/browse/1150

[ref-20] 20. Lacoste-Badie, S., Gagnan, A. B., & Droulers, O. (2020). Front of pack symmetry influences visual attention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102000

[ref-21] 21. Levinson, D. J. (1980). Toward a conception of the adult life course. In N. J. Smelser & E. H. Erikson (Eds.), Themes of work and love in adulthood (pp. 265–289). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

[ref-22] 22. Liu, Q., Xu, Q., Shen, X., Chen, B., & Esfahani, S. S. (2022). The Mechanism of Household Waste Sorting Behaviour—A Study of Jiaxing, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042447

[ref-23] 23. Madoglou, A., Gkinopoulos, T., Xanthopoulos, P., & Kalamaras, D. (2017). Representations of autobiographical nostalgic memories: Generational effect, gender, nostalgia proneness and communication of nostalgic experiences. Journal of Integrated Social Sciences, 7(1), 60-88.

[ref-24] 24. Maffei, S. T., Simacek, P. E. D. R. O., Menezes, M. D. S., & Durão, M. J. (2014). Emotional design of fashion: development and application of new tool for non-interfering research. Second.

[ref-25] 25. Marni, S., Aliman, M., Suyono, S., Roekhan, R., dan Harsiati, T. (2020). Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Based on Gender And Knowledge Group, Journal of Turkish Science Education, 17(4), 544–560. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2020.44 DOI: 10.36681/tused.2020.44

[ref-26] 26. McKenzie-Mohr, S., Coates, J., & McLeod, H. (2012). Responding to the needs of youth who are homeless: Calling for politicized trauma-informed intervention. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.09.008 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.09.008

[ref-27] 27. Munirah Maharum, S., Md Isa, N., Salahuddin, N., & Saad, S. (2017). The Relationship between Dimension of Consumption Value and Intention to Purchase of Green Products. The International Journal of Business & Management, (Vol. 5).

[ref-28] 28. Prokopenko dan Ossik (2015): Green Marketing, Karaganda: KSU Publishing House, Karaganda.

[ref-29] 29. Rakhmawati, T., Damayanti, S., Jati, R. K., & Astrini, N. J. (2023). An extended TPB model of waste-sorting intention: a case study of Indonesia. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(5), 1248–1268. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-11-2022-0309 DOI: 10.1108/meq-11-2022-0309

[ref-30] 30. Raymond, C. M., Brown, G., & Weber, D. (2010). The measurement of place attachment: Personal, community, and environmental connections. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 422–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.08.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.08.002

[ref-31] 31. Rotem, O. S., Weinstock, M., & Greenfield, P. M. (2024). Changes in values and ways of knowing among three generations of Israeli women of Ethiopian origin. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2024.100186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2024.100186

[ref-32] 32. Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2016). Past Forward: Nostalgia as a Motivational Force. Dalam Trends in Cognitive Sciences (Vol. 20, Nomor 5, hlm. 319–321). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.01.008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.01.008

[ref-33] 33. Şener, T., Bişkin, F., & Dündar, N. (2023). The effects of perceived value, environmental concern and attitude on recycled fashion consumption. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 27(4), 595–611. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-01-2021-0003 DOI: 10.1108/jfmm-01-2021-0003

[ref-34] 34. Sindonews (2023), Pemkot Bandung Klaim Sampah yang Dibuang ke TPA Sarimukti Turun Jadi 900 Ton. Data diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1274661/701/pemkot-bandung-klaim-sampah-yang-dibuang-ke-tpa-sarimukti-turun-jadi-900-ton-1702357938

[ref-35] 35. Truong, V. D., Dong, X. D., Saunders, S. G., Pham, Q., Nguyen, H., & Tran, N. A. (2021). Measuring, evaluating, and documenting social marketing impact. Dalam Journal of Social Marketing (Vol. 11, Nomor 3, hlm. 259–277). Emerald Group Holdings Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-11-2020-0224 DOI: 10.1108/jsocm-11-2020-0224

[ref-36] 36. Trzesniewski, K. H., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). Rethinking “Generation Me” a study of cohort effects from 1976–2006. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 58–75.

[ref-37] 37. Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2010). Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students 1982–2009. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 99–106.

[ref-38] 38. van Tilburg, W. A. P., Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2018). Adverse Weather Evokes Nostalgia. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(7), 984–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218756030 DOI: 10.1177/0146167218756030

[ref-39] 39. Wan, C., Shen, G. Q., & Choi, S. (2021). The place-based approach to recycling intention: Integrating place attachment into the extended theory of planned behavior. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105549 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105549

[ref-40] 40. Wang, J., & Hsu, Y. (2020). The relationship of symmetry, complexity, and shape in mobile interface aesthetics, from an emotional perspective-A case study of the smartwatch. Symmetry, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/SYM12091403 DOI: 10.3390/sym12091403

[ref-41] 41. Williams, D. R., Patterson, M. E., Roggenbuck, J. W., & Watson, A. E. (1992). Beyond the commodity metaphor: Examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place. Leisure Sciences, 14(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409209513155 DOI: 10.1080/01490409209513155

[ref-42] 42. Wu, S.-I., & Chang, H.-L. (2016b). The Model of Relationship between the Perceived Values and the Purchase Behaviors toward Innovative Products. Journal of Management and Strategy, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v7n2p31 DOI: 10.5430/jms.v7n2p31

[ref-43] 43. Zhang, X., Gong, X., & Jiang, J. (2021). Dump or recycle? Nostalgia and consumer recycling behavior. Journal of Business Research, 132, 594–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.033