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VOL. 9 NO. 2
A peer-reviewed journal focusing on zeolite materials and their applications in environmental, industrial, and agricultural systems.
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Research Article
Mikroorganisme yang terdapat di dalam rongga mulut dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada jaringan keras dan lunak rongga mulut. Salah satu mikroorganisme tersebut adalah bakteri S. mutans yang menjadi etiologi karies gigi. Tembaga (Cu) merupakan salah satu agen kimiawi untuk mengendalikan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Tembaga dapat digabungkan dengan zeolit sebagai material antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi Cu di dalam Cu-zeolit alam terhadap daya antibakteri pada S mutans. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menbuat 5 kelompok konsentrasi Cu-zeolit, yaitu kelompok 0,05M, 0,1M, 0,15M, 0,2M, dan 0,25M. Serbuk zeolit 100 mesh diaktivasi pada suhu 200 °C selama 1 jam. Larutan CuCl<sub>2</sub> dengan konsentrasi 0,05M hingga 0,25M dibuat masing-masing dengan volume 80 mL. Cuzeolit dibuat dengan mereaksikan serbuk zeolit 2 gr dengan larutan CuCl<sub>2</sub> 80 mL selama 1 jam pada suhu 100 °C, kemudian disaring, dicuci, dan dikeringkan dalam oven dengan suhu 100 °C selama 24 jam. Bakteri S. mutans (0,1 mL x 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL) ditanam dalam media padat MHA, kemudian Cu-zeolit (30 mg) dimasukkan dalam sumuran pada media agar dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37 °C (n=5). Diameter zona translusen diukur dengan jangka sorong digital (0,01 mm). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan anava 1 jalur dan HSD dengan taraf siknifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rataan zona translusen adalah 0 mm (kelompok 0,05M), 16,03 \pm 0,47 mm (0,10M), 16,45 \pm 0,91 mm (0,10M), 18,080,39 mm (0,20M), dan 18,26 + 0,68 mm (0,25M). Uji anava menunjukkan konsentrasi Cu dalam Cu-zeolit alam 0,10M hingga 0,25M berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap zona translusen S. mutans (p< 0,01). Hasil uji HSD menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar semua kelompok, kecuali antara kelompok 0.01M dan 0.15M serta 0.20M dan 0.25M (p>0.05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi Cu dalam Cuzeolit alam berpengaruh terhadap daya antibakteri pada S. mutans. Konsentrasi Cu 0,01M dalam Cu-zeolit alam telah memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap S. mutans dan daya antibakteri tertinggi pada kelompok konsentrasi 0,20M.
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Ekstraksi alumina dari bijih bauksit Kalimantan Barat (mengandung sekitar 45% Al2O3 dan 16% Fe2O3) telah dilakukan, menghasilkan alumina dan residu bauksit (red mud). Residu masih mengandung alumina sekitar 20% dan besi (Fe2O3) sekitar 37%. Residu selanjutnya diproses melalui pemanggangan atau pensinteran dengan campuran soda-kapur (lime-soda sinter process) pada suhu 800-1100OC. Sinter dilarutkan dalam larutan sodium karbonat encer menghasilkan larutan sodium aluminat (2NaAlO2) dan residu pelarutan. Larutan dipresipitasi menghasilkan endapan aluminium hidrat (Al(OH)3) yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku zeolit sintetis. Residu pelarutan dikonsentrasi mineral besinya dengan magnetic separator 1000 gauss, menghasilkan konsentrat besi sebagai produk samping. Hasilnya menunjukkan sekitar 75-85% alumina dapat diekstraksi atau diperoleh kembali dari residu bauksit dengan kadar 98,7% Al2O3, dan juga dihasilkan konsentrat besi berkadar 66% Fe2O3 (46% Fe) dengan perolehan 40 % sebagai produk samping.
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Highly Cited
Industrial minerals, such as natural zeolite can be engineered into raw materials on manufacturing of medical products, especially as an antiseptic. Zeolite with the crystal structure characteristic could be function as an antiseptic carrier and active subtances would be saved on crystal structure of zeolite which was on certain circumstances will be work or out of the frame structure. The active substances are an inhibitor metal with low concentration and could be a toxic for microbial cell plasma. The used natural zeolite as an antiseptic carrier with inhibitor metal Cu has not yet developed. In this study, antiseptic substances has made by impregnation method with flow continuously were a compound or metal substances put in crystal structure without changing the crystal structure. The impregnation conducted by purification process and modification of natural zeolite become a zeolite-H in order easily to substituted by Cu metal. The products is much metals K, Na, Ca, Mg out from zeolite making a Zeolite-H was perfect, so the planting of Cu metals was maximum. The purification, modification, and impregnation process did not change the shape of crystal zeolite, and degradation do not occur on modernite peaks so expected the characteristic from zeolite does not change so it is could be functions as antiseptic carrier. Absorption test and power test of bacterial growth was conducted to try the antiseptic substances against bacteria and fungi. The result that zeolite-Cu had been successfully made although not optimal. The absorption capacity of natural zeolite higher than the absorption capacity of zeolite-Cu, because the absorption capacity of zeolite-Cu was disrupted by entry of metal Cu. Inhibition of bacteria and fungi growth occurs more on media with addition zeolite-Cu. It was because the inhibition of zeolite-Cu already functioning.
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Invited Paper
The ion exchange of Cs on NH4-Zeolite which has been activated become a zeolite monocation has been conducted on natural zeolite from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya. On these three types of zeolite, the process of ion exchange of Cs with ammonium ion was conducted at various time (from 1 hour up to 24 hours) and temperature (303 K and 323 K). Cation exchange kinetics and diffusion process on each type of zeolite was observed and calculated the parameters included diffusion coefficient and activation energy using Arrhenius formula. The study showed that diffusion coefficient from Cs-ions into zeolite of Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya almost same, which is about 2,3 10-13, 2,3 10-13 and 2,1 10-13 m2.det.-1 at temperature 303 K, and 9,3 10-14, 9,6 10-14, and 9,6 10-14 m2.det.-1 at temperature 323 K. The parameter calculation result of ion exchange reaction is activation energy Ea (kJ/mol) on that types of zeolite are almost same value, which is 36.61, 36.61, and 31.09 for each zeolite of Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya. The study showed that Ea value was greater than the previous study by using artificial zeolite (zeolit-A with Ea = 9,96 kJ/mol), so it can be concluded that Cs-ions exchange into natural zeolite has a greater barrier because the composition of natural zeolite more complex which was might contain more than one types of zeolite structure.
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